This section contains a collection of systems that illustrate how to combine the individual items demonstrated in the common examples to form simple non-compressible liquid models.


The collection of models comprises:


  • Three Reservoirs - Calculate flow under gravity between three reservoirs at different elevations.


  • Tank to Joint Overflow - Calculate the pressure drop in a pipe when the flow rate is known.


  • Gravity Flow to Three Outlet Points - Calculate the flow rates to three discharge points.


  • Fixed Flow Pump to Three Tanks - Calculate the pump head required for a given flow rate.


  • Fixed Head Pump to Three Tanks - Calculate pressure drop across flow control valves.


  • Fixed Speed Pump - Calculate the operating performance and duty point on the pump curve.


  • Pressurized Pumping Stations - Calculate flows & pressures across multiple pumping stations.


  • Reverse Pipe - Calculate a system where the flow direction in a pipe needs to be reversed.


  • Energy Recovery with Turbine - Model a turbine component and estimate energy recovery.


  • Top Up Tanks in a Closed Loop - Model a pressurized domestic heating recirculation system.


  • Replacement Pipe Size - Calculate the impact of replacing pipes with different sizes. 


  • Step By Step - Build a small 5 pipe model following a step-by-step guide.


  • Pressure Reducing Valves - Limit pressure in parts of a system and maintain outlet pressures.


  • Back Pressure Valves - Maintain a minimum pressure at specific points within a system.


  • Fire Hydrant Supply - Model of a looped water distribution system with designed in redundancy.


  • Ballast Water Discharge - Model pumping performance from sea chests to overboard discharge.


  • Balanced Flow Distribution – Calculate orifice sizes to provide equal flow distribution.